PHARYNGEAL ARCH DERIVATIVES:
|
Pharyngeal Arch
|
Arch Artery
|
Cranial Nerve
|
Skeletal elements
|
Muscles
|
|
1
|
Terminal Branch of maxillary artery
|
Maxillary and mandibular division of trigemenial (V)
|
Derived from arch cartilages (originating from neural crest):
From maxillary
cartilages:
Alispenoid,
incus
From mandibular:
Mackel’s
cartilage, malleus
Upper portion of external ear (auricle) is derived from dorsal aspect
of 1st pharyngeal arch.
Derived by direct ossification from arch dermal mesenchyme:
Maxilla, zygomatic,
squamous portion of temporal bone, mandible
|
Muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, and pterygoids),
mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini
(originate from cranial somitomere 4)
|
|
2
|
Stapedius artery (embryologic) and cortiotympanic artery (adult)
|
Facial nerve (VII)
|
Stapes, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, lesser horns and upper
rim of hyoid (derived from the second arch cartilage; originate from neural
crest).
Lower portion of external ear (auricle) is derived from 2nd
pharyngeal arch.
|
Muscles of facial expression (orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris,
auricularis, platysma, fronto-ooccipitalis, buccinator), posterior belly of
digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius (originate from cranial somitomere 6)
|
|
3
|
Common carotid artery, most of internal carotid
|
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
|
Lower rim and greater horn of hyoid (derived from the third arch
cartilage; originate from neural crest cells)
|
Sytlopharyngeus (originate from cranial somitomere 7)
|
|
4
|
Left: Arch of aorta;
Right: Right subclavian artery;
Original sprouts of pulmonary arteries
|
Superior laryngeal branch of vagus (X)
|
Laryngeal cartilages (Derived from the 4th arch cartilage,
originate from lateral plate mesoderm)
|
Constrictors of pharynx, cricothyroid, levator veli palatine
(originate from occipital somites 2-4)
|
|
6
|
Ductus arteriosus; roots of definitive pulmonary arteries
|
Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus (X)
|
Laryngeal cartilages (derived from the 6th-arch cartilage;
originate from lateral plate mesoderm)
|
Intrinsic muscles of larynx (originate from occipital somites 1 and
2)
|
